Turbulence & Leonardo Da Vinci
"Observe the motion of the surface of the water,
which resembles that of hair, which has two
motions, of which one is caused by the weight of
the hair, the other by the direction of the curls;
thus the water has eddying motions, one part of
which is due to the principal current, the other to
random and reverse motion".
[Trans. Piomelli in Lumley, J.L., 1997. Some comments on turbulence. Phys. Fluids A 4, 203-211.]
In fluid dynamics, turbulence is the rule, not the exception!. As pointed by prof. Vittorio Canuto during the Cartum meeting, Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) had already discovered the turbulence averaging decomposition .... a long time before Reynolds discovered it ......
GOTM provides a hierarchy of turbulence closure schemes to parameterize the effects of these unresolved eddies .... Let's see how it performs .....