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Waveform of the Zulu word [||o||a]
relate
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Michael Ashby & John Maidment
Introducing Phonetic Science
Chapter 7: Airstream
mechanisms
Chapter Summary
In this chapter we look at the generation of the
air pressures and airflows needed for the production of speech sounds, and
then at those sound-types made with an airstream which is not supplied by
the lungs. These are called non-pulmonic sounds. Sound generation in speech
relies either on the compression of air, giving an outward (egressive) flow
or the rarefaction of air, resulting in inward (ingressive) flow. Three
types of non-pulmonic consonants are used in languages. Two of these types
use a glottalic airstream mechanism. Ejectives are produced with an
egressive airflow generated by larynx raising. Implosives are made with an
ingressive flow generated by lowering the larynx. The third type, clicks,
use the velaric ingressive airstream mechanism, produced by rarefying a
small volume of air enclosed in the mouth. We see that there are sounds
which make simultaneous use of pulmonic and non-pulmonic airstreams and
consider various modifications which can be applied to clicks.
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